`uos` – basic “operating system” services¶

This module implements a subset of the corresponding CPython module, as described below. For more information, refer to the original CPython documentation: os.

The uos module contains functions for filesystem access and mounting, terminal redirection and duplication, and the uname and urandom functions.

General functions¶

uos.uname()¶

Return a tuple (possibly a named tuple) containing information about the underlying machine and/or its operating system. The tuple has five fields in the following order, each of them being a string:

sysname – the name of the underlying system

nodename – the network name (can be the same as sysname)

release – the version of the underlying system

version – the MicroPython version and build date

machine – an identifier for the underlying hardware (eg board, CPU)

uos.urandom(n)¶: Return a bytes object with n random bytes. Whenever possible, it is generated by the hardware random number generator.

Filesystem access¶

uos.chdir(path)¶: Change current directory.

uos.getcwd()¶: Get the current directory.

uos.ilistdir([dir])¶

This function returns an iterator which then yields tuples corresponding to the entries in the directory that it is listing. With no argument it lists the current directory, otherwise it lists the directory given by dir.

The tuples have the form (name, type, inode[, size]):

name is a string (or bytes if dir is a bytes object) and is the name of the entry;

type is an integer that specifies the type of the entry, with 0x4000 for directories and 0x8000 for regular files;

inode is an integer corresponding to the inode of the file, and may be 0 for filesystems that don’t have such a notion.

Some platforms may return a 4-tuple that includes the entry’s size. For file entries, size is an integer representing the size of the file or -1 if unknown. Its meaning is currently undefined for directory entries.

uos.listdir([dir])¶: With no argument, list the current directory. Otherwise list the given directory.

uos.mkdir(path)¶: Create a new directory.

uos.remove(path)¶: Remove a file.

uos.rmdir(path)¶: Remove a directory.

uos.rename(old_path, new_path)¶: Rename a file.

uos.stat(path)¶: Get the status of a file or directory.

uos.statvfs(path)¶

Get the status of a fileystem.

Returns a tuple with the filesystem information in the following order:

f_bsize – file system block size

f_frsize – fragment size

f_blocks – size of fs in f_frsize units

f_bfree – number of free blocks

f_bavail – number of free blocks for unpriviliged users

f_files – number of inodes

f_ffree – number of free inodes

f_favail – number of free inodes for unpriviliged users

f_flag – mount flags

f_namemax – maximum filename length

Parameters related to inodes: f_files, f_ffree, f_avail and the f_flags parameter may return 0 as they can be unavailable in a port-specific implementation.

uos.sync()¶: Sync all filesystems.

Terminal redirection and duplication¶

uos.dupterm(stream_object, index=0)¶

Duplicate or switch the MicroPython terminal (the REPL) on the given stream-like object. The stream_object argument must implement the readinto() and write() methods. The stream should be in non-blocking mode and readinto() should return None if there is no data available for reading.

After calling this function all terminal output is repeated on this stream, and any input that is available on the stream is passed on to the terminal input.

The index parameter should be a non-negative integer and specifies which duplication slot is set. A given port may implement more than one slot (slot 0 will always be available) and in that case terminal input and output is duplicated on all the slots that are set.

If None is passed as the stream_object then duplication is cancelled on the slot given by index.

The function returns the previous stream-like object in the given slot.

Filesystem mounting¶

Some ports provide a Virtual Filesystem (VFS) and the ability to mount multiple “real” filesystems within this VFS. Filesystem objects can be mounted at either the root of the VFS, or at a subdirectory that lives in the root. This allows dynamic and flexible configuration of the filesystem that is seen by Python programs. Ports that have this functionality provide the mount() and umount() functions, and possibly various filesystem implementations represented by VFS classes.

uos.mount(fsobj, mount_point, *, readonly)¶

Mount the filesystem object fsobj at the location in the VFS given by the mount_point string. fsobj can be a a VFS object that has a mount() method, or a block device. If it’s a block device then the filesystem type is automatically detected (an exception is raised if no filesystem was recognised). mount_point may be '/' to mount fsobj at the root, or '/<name>' to mount it at a subdirectory under the root.

If readonly is True then the filesystem is mounted read-only.

During the mount process the method mount() is called on the filesystem object.

Will raise OSError(EPERM) if mount_point is already mounted.

uos.umount(mount_point)¶

Unmount a filesystem. mount_point can be a string naming the mount location, or a previously-mounted filesystem object. During the unmount process the method umount() is called on the filesystem object.

Will raise OSError(EINVAL) if mount_point is not found.

class uos.VfsFat(block_dev)¶

Create a filesystem object that uses the FAT filesystem format. Storage of the FAT filesystem is provided by block_dev. Objects created by this constructor can be mounted using mount().

static mkfs(block_dev)¶: Build a FAT filesystem on block_dev.

Block devices¶

A block device is an object which implements the block protocol, which is a set of methods described below by the AbstractBlockDev class. A concrete implementation of this class will usually allow access to the memory-like functionality a piece of hardware (like flash memory). A block device can be used by a particular filesystem driver to store the data for its filesystem.

class uos.AbstractBlockDev(...)¶

Construct a block device object. The parameters to the constructor are dependent on the specific block device.

readblocks(block_num, buf)¶: Starting at the block given by the index block_num, read blocks from the device into buf (an array of bytes). The number of blocks to read is given by the length of buf, which will be a multiple of the block size.

writeblocks(block_num, buf)¶: Starting at the block given by the index block_num, write blocks from buf (an array of bytes) to the device. The number of blocks to write is given by the length of buf, which will be a multiple of the block size.

ioctl(op, arg)¶

Control the block device and query its parameters. The operation to perform is given by op which is one of the following integers:

1 – initialise the device (arg is unused)

2 – shutdown the device (arg is unused)

3 – sync the device (arg is unused)

4 – get a count of the number of blocks, should return an integer (arg is unused)

5 – get the number of bytes in a block, should return an integer, or None in which case the default value of 512 is used (arg is unused)

By way of example, the following class will implement a block device that stores its data in RAM using a bytearray:

class RAMBlockDev:
    def __init__(self, block_size, num_blocks):
        self.block_size = block_size
        self.data = bytearray(block_size * num_blocks)

    def readblocks(self, block_num, buf):
        for i in range(len(buf)):
            buf[i] = self.data[block_num * self.block_size + i]

    def writeblocks(self, block_num, buf):
        for i in range(len(buf)):
            self.data[block_num * self.block_size + i] = buf[i]

    def ioctl(self, op, arg):
        if op == 4: # get number of blocks
            return len(self.data) // self.block_size
        if op == 5: # get block size
            return self.block_size

It can be used as follows:

import uos

bdev = RAMBlockDev(512, 50)
uos.VfsFat.mkfs(bdev)
vfs = uos.VfsFat(bdev)
uos.mount(vfs, '/ramdisk')

uos – basic “operating system” services¶